Sun Tzu Art of War in Information Warfare, Notes

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Sun Tzu Art of War in Information Warfare, Notes

1. Robert A. Doughty, The Seeds of Disaster: The Development of French Army Doctrine 1919-1939 (Hamden, CT: Archon Book, 1985), 190; Gordan R. Sullivan and Anthony M. Coroalles, Seeing the Elephant: Leading America's Army into the Twenty-First Century (Hollis, NH: Puritan, 1995), 20.

2. Alvin Toffler and Heidi Toffler, War and Anti-War: Survival at the Dawn of the 21st Century (Boston: Little, Brown & Co., 1993), 141.

3. Sullivan and Coroalles, 21.

4. Arthur F. Lykke, Jr., ed., Military Strategy: Theory and Application (Carlisle, PA: U.S. Army War College, 1993), 3.

5. Richard A. Chilcoat, Strategic Art: The New Discipline for 21st Century Leaders (Carlisle, PA: U.S. Army War College, 1995), 4.

6. Nicholas P. Negroponte, Being Digital (New York: Knopf, 1995), 155 and 164.

7. Ibid., 166, 169 and 231.

8. Walter B. Wriston, The Twilight of Sovereignty: How the Information Revolution is Transforming Our World (New York: Scribner's, 1992), 38.

9. Richardo Petrella, "Information Society - Future Prospects" (British Computer Society and UNISYS Annual Lecture, 4 Nov 94); available from http://www.bcs.org.uk/unisys.html; Internet; accessed 14 Apr 96.

10. Joe Costello, "Electronic Polity" (Quantum Polis, 17 Feb 95); available from http://www.cts.com/browse/joec/qpolis/local.html; Internet; accessed 14 Apr 96.

11. Joe Costello, "The Organic Information Age" (Quantum Polis, 21 Jun 94); available from http://www.cts.com/browse/joec/qpolis/oia.html; Internet; accessed 14 Apr 96.

12. Donald N. Michael, "Too Much of a Good Thing? Dilemmas of an Information Society," Vital Speeches of the Day L, no. 2 (1 Nov 83): 54.

13. John P. Foley, ed., The Jeffersonian Cyclopedia (New York: Funk and Wagnels, 1900), 277.

14. Wriston, 6.

15. Winn Schwartau, Information Warfare: Chaos on the Electronic Superhighway (New York: Thunder's Mouth Press, 1994), 12-13.

16. Jessica Keyes, Infotrends: The Competitive Use of Information (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1993), 200.

17. James R. Golden, Economics and National Strategy in the Information Age: Global Networks, Technology Policy, and Cooperative Competition (Westport, CT: Praeger, 1994), 16-17.

18. David F. Ronfeldt, Cyberocracy, Cyberspace, and Cyberology: Political Effects of the Information Revolution (Santa Monica, CA: RAND, 1991), 77-78.

19. Sir Leon Brittan, "EU Pursues Global Answers: International Economic Instability is New Threat," Defense News 10, no. 48 (4 Dec 95): 27.

20. The White House, A National Security Strategy of Engagement and Enlargement (Washington: February 1995), 22.

21. Golden, 7.

22. Sun Tzu, The Art of War, trans. Samuel B. Griffith (New York: Oxford University Press, 1971), 39-40 and 63-71.

23. Lykke, 3-5.

24. Jorge Reina Schement and Terry Curtis, Tendencies and Tensions of the Information Age (New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction, 1995), 63.

25. Wriston, 61.

26. Joe Costello, "In Defense of Progressives)" (Quantum Polis, 19 Dec 94); available from http://www.cts.com/browse/joec/qpolis/prog.html; Internet; accessed 14 Apr 96.

27. Schement, 64.

28. Wriston, 37.

29. Jerome Glenn, "Japan: Cultural Power of the Future," The Nikkei Weekly (7 Dec 92)

30. Golden, 16-17.

31. Paul G. Kaminski, "Investing in Tomorrow's Technology Today," Defense Issues 10, no. 46 (1995): 2.

32. Golden, 16.

33. Michael, 41; Wriston, 37.

34. Wriston, 15.

35. Richard Szafranski, "A Theory of Information War: Preparing for 2020" (n.d.); available from http://www.cdsar.af.mil/apj/szfran.html; Internet; accessed 14 Apr 96.

36. G.A. (Jay) Keyworth II, "Telecommunications: More Computing than Communications" (The Progress & Freedom Foundation, 31 Jan 95); available from http://www.pff.org/pff/Telecommunications.html; Internet; accessed 14 Apr 96.

37. Golden, xiv.

38. Ian D. Pearson, The Future of Social Technology, 60 min. (Atlanta: World Future Society, 1995), audiocassette and vu-graphs, 19.

39. John Arquilla and David Ronfeldt, "Cyber War Is Coming!," Comparative Strategy 12 (April-June 1993): 157; available from http://www.stl.nps.navy. mil/c4i/cyberwar.html; Internet; accessed 14 Apr 96. 40. Wriston, 13-14.

41. Martin C. Libicki, The Mesh and the Net: Speculations on Armed Conflict in a Time of Free Silicon (Washington: National Defense University, 1994), 26.

42. Szafranski, 5.

43. Thomas X. Hammes, "The Evolution of War: The Fourth Generation," Marine Corps Gazette 78, no. 9 (September 1994): 44.

44. John Arquilla, "The Strategic Implications of Information Dominance," Strategic Review 22 (Summer 1994): 26.

45. Lykke, 4.

46. Jerome Glenn and John Peterson, Information Warfare, Cyber Warfare, Perception Warfare and their Prevention, 60 min. (Atlanta: World Future Society, 1995), audiocassette.

47. Jerry Harris and Carl Davidson, "The Cybernetic Revolution and the Crisis of Capitalism" (The Chicago Third Wave Study Group, 18 Jul 94); available from http://www.bradley.edu/las/soc/syl/391/papers/cyb_revo.html; Internet; accessed 14 Apr 96.

48. Alvin Toffler and Heidi Toffler, Creating a New Civilization: The Politics of the Third Wave (Atlanta: Turner, 1995), 37.

49. Negroponte, 72.

50. Arquilla and Ronfeldt, 142.

51. Negroponte, 231.

52. Charles William Maynes, "The World in the Year 2000: Prospects for Order or Disorder," The Nature of the Post-Cold War World (Carlisle, PA: U.S. Army War College, 1993), 21-22; Harris, 8; Pearson, 50.

53. Golden, 13.

54. Pearson, 43; Glenn.

55. Golden, 4.

56. Ibid., xv.

57. Esther Dyson et al., "Cyberspace and the American Dream: A Magna Carta for the Knowledge Age" (The Progress & Freedom Foundation, release 1.2, 22 Aug 94); available from http://www.pff.org/pff/position.html; Internet; accessed 14 Apr 96.

58. Wriston, 176.

59. Seev Neumann, Strategic Information Systems: Competition Through Information Technologies (New York: Macmillan, 1994), 109.

60. Ronfeldt, 9-10.

61. Golden, xiv.

62. Libicki, 3.

63. John J. Patrick, Reflections on the Revolution in Military Affairs (Washington: Techmatics, 1994), 8-9.

64. Ronfeldt, 21.

65. Ibid.

66. Keyes, 150.

67. Ibid., 188-189.

68. Arquilla, 29.

69. Fred Smith, founder of FedEx, quoted in Keyes, 194.

70. Ibid., 192-197

71. Neumann, 107-108.

72. Keyes, 198-199.

73. Stuart Johnson and Martin Libicki, eds., Dominant Battlespace Awareness (book on-line)(Washington: NDU Press, 1995), 30; available from http:// 198.80.36.91/ndu/inss/books/dbk/dbk1.html; Internet, accessed 14 Apr 96.

74. Hammes, 44.

75. Ronfeldt, 77-78.

76. Libicki, 33.

77. Arquilla and Ronfeldt, 155.

78. Clausewitz defines center of gravity as "the hub of all power and movement"; see Carl von Clausewitz, On War, ed. and trans. Michael Howard and Peter Paret (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1976), 595.

79. Doughty, 190.

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