2. Grotius, Book II, chap. XXIV, para. VIII, 289.
3. Leo Gross, "The Charter of the United Nations and the Lodge Reservations," AJIL 41 (1947), 531-554 passim; Garraty, 379n-382n; Claude, 88.
4. Wright, 136-137 and John Lewis Gaddis, Strategies of Containment: A Critical Appraisal of Postwar American Security Policy (New York: Oxford University Press, 1982), 23.
5. Elihu Lauterpacht, ASIL (1968), 62; Jennings, 64; see also Alfred P. Rubin, "Misconceptions of Law and Misguided Policy", NWCR, November-December 1982, 61 suggests that Argentine violation of Article 2 (3), which requires states to settle international disputes by peaceful means, was the proper legal justification for the British counter-action in the Falklands-Malvinas conflict and Thomas M. Franck, "Dulce et Decorum Est," AJIL 77 (1983), 109-124, focusing on Article 2 (4) as applied to the same issue.,
6. "At the first postwar meeting of the International Law Association in 1946, C. G. Dehn, a British jurist, took the view that 'the sovereign right of states to go to war' had gone, (and) that `neutrality as a legitimate status had disappeared'." Whiteman, 11, 147; "War in the sense of equality of the belligerents and application of the law of neutrality equally to both, seems on principle to be outlawed." ASIL (1967), Quincy Wright, 56; "Article 39 . . . formed an . . . effective estopple to the use of classic concepts of neutrality since it centralized the peace-keeping functions in decisions of the Security Council, and thus made it virtually impossible for any member state to remain neutral while at the same time living up to its commitments under the Charter." Oglesby, 107; Elihu Lauterpacht, 208; A. Leroy Bennett, International Organizations, 2nd ed. (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1980), 81; and Black's Law Dictionary, 207.
7. Philip C. Jessup, A Modern Law of Nations (New York: Macmillan Co., 1948), 202-210; Whiteman, 11, 149; and Kelsen, 161.
8. Alfred Verdross, "Austria's Permanent Neutrality and the United Nations Organization", AJIL 50 (1956), 67; see also Whiteman, 11, 157.