1. NWIP 10-2, 2-9n.

2. As Sir James Cable reflected, "In the last 37 years . . . it is hard to identify a significant dispute in which the factors of location, time, motivation, international environment and level of conflict were not, collectively or individually, more important than aggregate resources." Cable, Gunboat, 53.

3. U.S. Department of Defense, Annual Report -- Department of Defense, Fiscal Year 1982 (Washington: GPO, 1981), 22.

4. "I wish to have no connection with any ship which does not sail fast for I intend to go in harm's way". Attributed to John Paul Jones. The words are immortalized in his crypt under the U.S. Naval Academy Chapel. Surely the CO's of PANAY, LIBERTY, and PUEBLO were placed in harm's way even though their ships were not fast.

5. Gross, "States as Organs of International Law," 85.

6. Norman D. Palmer and Howard C. Perkins, International Relations, 3rd ed. (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1969), 713.