McNair Paper 36, Explaining and Influencing Chinese Arms Transfers, February 1995

82. "Foreign Ministry Holds Weekly Newsbriefing," Xinhua in FBIS, Daily Report, China, Sep. 8, 1988, p.1.

83. "China Responsible for Its Arms Sales," Beijing Review, Mar. 2-8, 1992, p. 33.

84. Carroll J. Doherty, "Arms Sales Reports Stir Hill Critics," Congressional Quarterly Weekly Report, Apr. 27, 1991, p. 1046.

85. "Renmin Ribao Cited on U.S. Arms Sales," The People's Daily Overseas Edition in FBIS, Daily Report, China, Jul. 17, 1991, p. 6.

86. "Israeli Missile Capability Seen in the Middle East," Jiefangjun Bao in Joint Publication Research Service Report China (JPRS-CAR-88-077), Nov. 30, 1988, pp. 5-6. Also, see Bu Ran, "Missiles: Proliferation and Control," Beijing Review, Dec. 2-8, 1991, pp. 12-16.

87. "President Bush's Middle East Arms Control Initiative: One Year Later," Arms Control Today, June 1992, p. 13.

88. The British American Security Information Council, "Recent Initiatives to Control the Arms Trade," BASIC Report 92.3, p. 5. A good description of the competing domestic interest groups influencing Chinese arms export decisions can be found in Lewis, Hua, and Xue, "Beijing's Defense Establishment: Solving the Arms Export Enigma." (see note 14).

89. Harry Harding, A Fragile Relationship: The United States and China Since 1972 (Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institute, 1992), pp. 187-88.

90. Shirley A. Kan, "Chinese Missile and Nuclear Proliferation: Issues for Congress," pp. 10-11.

91. Nayan Chanda, "Red Rockets' Glare," Far Eastern Economic Review, Sep. 9, 1993, p. 10. The 1993 sanctions were not as comprehensive, nor did they carry the economic costs, as the 1991 sanctions. For instance, American companies already licensed to sell satellites to China, or use Chinese rockets to launch satellites, will be unaffected.

92. "Arms Shipments Halted to Iraq," Beijing Review, Aug. 13-19, 1990, p. 8.

93. The British American Security Information Council, p. 23.

94. Nayan Chanda, "Red Rockets' Glare," p. 11.

95. "China Won't Attend Arms Control Talks," Beijing Review, Sep. 28-Oct. 4, 1992, p. 9.