APPENDIX A:

Evolution of Select European Security Institutions Since World War II

Western Europe and NATO

1947: Dunkirk Defense Treaty UK & France

1948: Brussels Treaty UK, France, Benelux

1949: NATO created with 12 members:

Belgium Iceland Norway Canada Italy Portugal Denmark United Kingdom Luxembourg France Netherlands United States

1952: Greece & Turkey join NATO

1954:Western European Union (WEU) created, incl.
Belgium, France, Luxembourg, Italy, Netherlands, UK

1955: Federal Republic of

Germany joins NATO and WEU

Warsaw Treaty Organization (WTO)

1995: WTO created with 8 members:

Albania Ger. Dem. Rep Poland Bulgaria

Hungary Romania Czechoslovakia

USSR

1968: Albania withdraws from WTO

East-West 1973: Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe established (35 original states, West and East)

1982: Spain joins NATO

1990: German unification, expanding NATO and WEU area

1990: GDR leaves WTO

1991: WTO dissolves

1991: NATO creates North Atlantic Cooperation Council (NACC), inviting Central & East European and New Independent States of the former USSR to join 1992: Greece joins WEU subject to ratification; Iceland, Norway, and Turkey become associate members of WEU; Denmark and Ireland become observers in WEU

1992: WEU creates Forum for Consultation with most CEE states

1994: NATO announces Partnership for Peace (PFP) program, inviting NACC and other CSCE states to participate. WEU offers associate membership to nearly all Cent.& E. European states (except Albania and states of former Yugoslavia), excluding members of the Commonwealth of Independent States