1. Alan Richards and John Waterbury, A Political Economy of the Middle East: State, Class, and Economic Development (Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1990), 354.
2. Youssef M. Ibrahim, "Ex-Premier Hoveida Is Executed in Iran After Closed Trial," New York Times, April 8, 1979, 14.
3. George Lenczowski, American Presidents and the Middle East, (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1990), 190.
5. 10 . Richard W. Cottam, Iran and the United States: A Cold War Case Study (Pittsburgh, PA: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1988), 128.
6. Said Amir Arjomand, The Turban for the Crown: The Islamic Revolution in Iran (New York: Oxford University Press, Inc, 1988), 119.
8. Sydney Nettleton Fisher and William Ochsenwald, The Middle East: A History, 4th ed. (New York: McGraw-Hill Publishing Company, 1990), 524 - 525.
10. Nicholas Gage, "U.S.-Iran Links Still Strong," New York Times, July 9, 1979, 10.
11. Khosrow Fatemi, "Leadership by Distrust: The Shah's Modus Operandi," The Middle East Journal 36, no. 1 (Winter 1982): 51.
12. Gage, "U.S.-Iran Links Still Strong," New York Times, July 9, 1979, 10.
14. Ibid.; Drew Middleton, "Both East and West Regard Iran As Pivotal in the Power Balance," New York Times, November 6, 1978, 18; The International Institute for Strategic Studies, The Military Balance 1971-1972 (London: The International Institute for Strategic Studies, 1971), 28, and The International Institute for Strategic Studies, The Military Balance 1978-1979 (London: The International Institute for Strategic Studies, 1978), 37.
15. Graham E. Fuller, The Center of the Universe: The Geopolitics of Iran (Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1991), 49.
16. Richards and Waterbury, 364.
17. Roger Owen, State, Power and Politics in the Making of the Modern Middle East (New York: Routledge, Chapman and Hall, Inc., 1992), 217.
18. Gary Sick, All Fall Down: America's Tragic Encounter with Iran (New York: Penguin Books, 1985), 40.
20. Ervand Abrahamian, Iran Between Two Revolutions (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1982), 507.
21. Michael M.J. Fischer, Iran: From Religious Dispute to Revolution (Cambridge,MA: Harvard University Press, 1980), 196.
22. Edward Mortimer, "Unrest in Iranian Army described," Times, May 18, 1978, 6.
24. Sick, 59, Fischer, 197, and Robert Graham, Iran: The Illusion of Power (London: Croom Helm LTD, 1978), 228.
25. Imam Khomeini, Islam and Revolution: Writings and Declarations, translated and annotated by Hamid Algar (London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1981), 236.