McNair Paper Number 54, Chapter 3, Notes, October 1996

1. See, for example, Buzan, People, States, and Fear; Charles W. Kegley, Jr., "The Neoidealist Moment in International Studies? Realist Myths and the New International Realities," International Studies Quarterly 37 (June 1993): 131-46; Joseph J. Romm, Defining National Security (New York: Council on Foreign Relations Press, 1993); and Robert Latham, "Thinking About Security After the Cold War," International Studies Notes 20 (Fall 1995): 9-16.

2. This formulation is from Theodore Sorensen, "America's First Post-Cold War President," Foreign Affairs 71 (Fall 1992): 29.

3. For example, Gen. James R. Harding, "Security Challenges and opportunities in the Americas," North-South 3 (February- March 1994): 48-51; Vice Adm. Jorge Patricio Arancibia Reyes, "View from Chile," in L. Erik Kjonnerod, ed., Hemispheric Security in Transition: Adjusting to the Post-1995 Environment (Washington, DC: National Defense University Press, 1995); Gen. John J. Sheehan, "Lessons of 1994; Outlook for the Future," Presentation at the USACOM-NDU-North-South Center Caribbean Security Symposium, Miami, April 18, 1995; and Gen. Barry R. McCaffrey, "Lessons 1994; Prognosis for 1995 and Beyond," Presentation at the SOUTHCOM-NDU Annual Strategy Symposium, Miami, April 25, 1995.

4. See his "Theory, Realism, and World Security," in Michael T. Klare and Daniel C. Thomas, eds., World Security: Trends and Challenges at Century's End (New York: St. Martin's Press, 1991), 10.

5. Stanley Hoffman, "A New World Order and its Troubles," Foreign Affairs 69 (Fall 1990): 115-22.

6. Joseph S. Nye, Jr., "What New World Order?" Foreign Affairs 71 (Spring 1992): 88.

7. For a discussion of military changes pertaining to the Caribbean, see Humberto GarcRa MuZiz and Jorge RodrRguez Beruff, "U.S. Military Policy Toward the Caribbean in the 1990s," Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 533 (May 1994): 112-24; and Gen. Sheehan, "Lessons of 1994; Outlook for the Future." For a global assessment, see Hans Binnendijk and Patrick Clawson, eds., Strategic Assessment 1995: U.S. Security Challenges in Transition (Washington, DC: Institute for National Strategic Studies, 1994).

8. "Unified Command Plan Changes Announced," Pentagon Press Release No. 066-96, February 7, 1996. The changes to the UCP go beyond USACOM and SOUTHCOM shifts. Adjustments also affect the Pacific Command, the Central Command, and the Strategic Command. The UCP itself is the overall schema that guides all unified commands, by (a) establishing missions, responsibilities, and force structures, (b) delineating geographic areas of responsibilities (for geographic combat commanders), and (c) specifying functional responsibilities (for functional commanders).

9. Jorge I. Dom(nguez, "The Caribbean in a New International Context," in Anthony T. Bryan, ed., The Caribbean: New Dynamics in Trade and Political Economy (Miami: North-South Center, University of Miami, 1995), 2.

10. Edward N. Luttwak, "From Geopolitics to Geo-economics," National Interest 20 (Summer 1990): 20.

11. Henry S. Gill, "NAFTA: Challenges for the Caribbean Community," in The Caribbean: New Dynamics in Trade and Political Economy, 49.

12. See Steven A. Holmes, "Less Strategic Now, Grenada is to Lose American Embassy," New York Times May 2, 1994, A1, A6; and Holmes, "U.S. Embassy for Grenada," New York Times May 15, 1994, A9.

13. Bert Wilkinson, "US Pulls Away from Region," New York Carib News October 17, 1995, 6. Incidentally, the Peace Corps presence is increasing slightly. In 1995 an office was reopened in Guyana after closure during the 1970s as relations between Guyana and the U.S. soured.

14. Communique, Canada-CARICOM Heads of Government Summit, St. George's, Grenada, March 5, 1996, 4.