London Summit, July 1990
Agreement to review NATO strategic concept of forward defense and flexible response; re-designate nuclear
weapons as weapons of last resort; and invite former Warsaw Pact adversaries to establish diplomatic relations at
NATO.
Copenhagen Ministerial Meeting, June 1991
Agreement on NATO's core security functions in a new Europe: to provide one of the indispensable foundations
for European security; serve as a trans-Atlantic forum on common vital interests; deter and defend against any
threat; and, preserve the strategic balance within Europe.
Rome Summit, November 1991
Approval of new Alliance Strategic Concept characterized by dialogue, cooperation and collective defense. The
new Concept declared a shift to a more politically active Alliance, spelled out roles for NATO's military in peace
and crisis, and called for much smaller, more flexible active force structures. Further, the Alliance created the
North Atlantic Cooperation Council (NACC) to deepen the ties to Eastern states begun by the London initiatives
for diplomatic relations.
Oslo Ministerial Meeting, June 1992
NATO agreed to support CSCE peacekeeping activities on a case-by-case basis.
Brussels Ministerial Meeting, December 1992
NATO agreed to support UN peacekeeping operations, particularly in the former Yugoslavia.
Brussels Summit, January 1994
NATO materially expanded its ties to the rest of Europe through the Partnership for Peace (PFP) initiative; took
steps to create a more responsive military structure with approval of the Combined Joint Task Force (CJTF)
concept; strongly supported the concept of a European Security and Defense Identity by offering to make CJTFs
and other assets available to the WEU; and, gave approval to begin a major NATO effort to prevent proliferation
of weapons of mass destruction.