Acknowledgements

This report is the product of a workshop organized for the National Defense University's Center for Advanced Concepts and Technology (ACT) by Dr. Margaret Daly Hayes and RAdm Gary F. Wheatley USN (Ret.) of Evidence Based Research, Inc. (EBR), supporting ACT. Dr. Richard E. Hayes of EBR chaired the meeting. The workshop was prompted by the dramatically different emphases apparent in two separate renditions of the Haiti experience_one by a civilian and one by a senior military officer. These different perspectives suggested that a comparison of interagency and civilian-military planning concerns during the buildup to Operation Uphold Democracy might provide useful insights for ACT's on-going examination of command arrangements in coalition and military Operations Other Than War (OOTW). The workshop was attended by senior officials of both civilian and military agencies. More senior civilians attended than senior military, an indication, perhaps, of the growing recognition that interagency command and control needs to be seriously addressed.

Both the workshop and this report benefitted very importantly from the help and participation of Ambassador James F. Dobbins, Special Haiti Coordinator, Department of State; Mr. Michael G. Kozak, Head, Haiti Working Group, Department of State; Mr. John Christiansen, Director, Haiti Task Group, Office of the Secretary of Defense; BGen George F. Close, Jr. and Major Grant Steffan, 10th Mountain Division, USA; and Colonel Mark Boyatt USA, Commander, 3d Special Forces Group. Capt. W. Oscar Round USN, Col. John A. Cope USA (Ret.), Amb. Robert Oakley of NDU/INSS, Mr. John Merrill of OSD/ OSD/Haiti Task Group, Colonel Mark Boyatt USA, Commander, 3d Special Forces Group. Capt. W. Oscar Round USN, Col. John A. Cope USA (Ret.), Ambassador Robert Oakley of NDU/INSS, Mr. John Merrill of OSD/Haiti Task Group, Ambassador Dobbins, and Mr. Richard L. Layton of EBR provided useful comments on the draft manuscript. Dr. Margaret Hayes and RAdm Wheatley prepared this report. Ms. Rosemaria Bell of EBR prepared the manuscript, while Mr. Juan Medrano of NDU's Information Management Directorate, Visual Information Division, designed the cover. The authors gratefully acknowledge the help and contribution of each of these individuals while assuming responsibility for any errors of omission or commission.

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