NOTES
1. Antoine Henri Jomini discussed interior and exterior lines of communication in The Art of War, trans. G. H. Mendell and W. P. Craighill (Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1862), 91-120.
2. George S. Patton, Jr., War As I Knew It (Cambridge, MA: Riverside Press, 1947), 93.
3. Trevor N. Dupuy, Elusive Victory: The Arab-Israeli Wars, 1947-1949 (New York: Harper and Row, 1978), 105-111.
4. FM 5-36: Route Reconnaissance and Classification (Washington, DC: Dept. of the Army, March 1985), 2-1 through 2-6, 3-45 through 3-48.
6. Dwight D. Eisenhower, Crusade in Europe (Garden City, New York: Doubleday, 1948), 308.
7. Thomas Macaulay, "Horatius At the Bridge," Lay of Ancient Rome, 1842. See also a parody by William C. Hall, "A Medal for Horatius," Combat Forces Journal (January 1955).
8. Ed Cunningham, "The Bridge At Remagen," Yank--The GI Story of the War (New York: Duell, Sloan, and Pearce, 1947), 295-207; The Remagen Bridgehead: 7-17 March 1945 (Fort Knox, KY: The Armor School, 1948).
9. FM 5-33: Terrain Analysis (Washington, DC: Dept. of the Army, July 1990), 2-13 and 2-14; FM 5-36: Route Reconnaissance and Classification, 3-6.
10. FM 5-25: Explosives and Demolitions (Washington, DC: Dept. of the Army, March 1996), 4-46 and 4-47, 4-51 through 4-70 passim; FM 5-36: Route Reconnaissance and Classification, 3-8 and 3-9, 3-13 through 3-40.
11. FM 5-36: Route Reconnaissance and Classification, 2-36 through 2-47; FM 5-33: Terrain Analysis, 2-15 and 2-16.
12. FM 5-36: 2-22 through 2-26; FM 5-33: 2-15.
13. H. Milton Duesenberg, Alaska Highway Expeditionary Force: A Roadbuilder's Story (Clear Lake, IO: H&M Industries Ltd., 1994); Kenneth Coates and William R. Morrison, The Alaska Highway in World War II (Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press, 1992).
14. Frank N. Schubert, "U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and Afghanistan's Highways 1960-1967," Journal of Construction Engineering and Management (September 1991): 445-459.
15. Tan Pei-Ying, The Building of the Burma Road (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1945), 37-38. 69, 97-104. See also Leslie Anders, The Ledo Road: General Joseph W. Stilwell's Highway to China (Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press, 1965).
16. Pei-Ying, The Building of the Burma Road, 105-127, and Leo T. Daugherty III, "interservice and Interallied Cooperation in China-Burma-India," Joint Force Quarterly, no. 12 (Summer 1996): 95-105.
17. David R. Mets, The Quest for a Surgical Strike (Eglin Air Force Base, FL: Air Force Systems Command Monograph, Armament Division, 1987); Eliot Cohen, "A Bad Rap Against High Tech: The GAO's Misguided Missile Against Gulf War Weaponry," Washington Post, July 19,1996, 15.
18. FM 5-25: Explosives and Demolitions.
19. Edward Mead Earl, ed., Makers of Modern Strategy: Military Thought From Machiavelli to Hitler (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1943), 148-152, 177; Trevor N. Dupuy, A Genius for War: The German Army and General Staff, 1807-1945 (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1977), 66.
20. George Edgar Turner, Victory Rode the Rails: The Strategic Place of Railroads in the Civil War (Indianapolis, IN: Bobbs-Merrill, 1953); Thomas Weber, The Northern Railroads in the Civil War, 1861-1865 (New York: Kings Crown Press, 1952).
21. "The Great Locomotive Chase: Andrews Raiders," Above and Beyond: A History of the Medal of Honor from the Civil War to Vietnam (Boston, MA: Boston Publishing, 1985), 18-21.
22. John E. Murray, "Logistics, Limited War," in International Military and Defense Encyclopedia, vol. 3 G-L, eds. Trevor N. Dupuy, et al. (Washington, DC: Brassey's, 1993), 1517-1529.
23. Civil Rail Lines Important to National Defense (Newport News, VA: Military Traffic Management Command, Transportation Engineering Agency, December 1993).
24. FM 30-10: Terrain Analysis (Washington, DC: Dept. of the Army, March 27,1972), 97-98. Superseded by FM 5-33: Terrain Analysis, July 30, 1990, but contains a better checklist.
25. Richard C. Overton, "Railroads," Microsoft Encarta 96.
26. Ibid.; FM 5-33: Terrain Analysis, 2-7 through 2-9.
27. U.S. Strategic Bombing Survey, with an intro. by David MacIssac (New York: Garland Publishing, 1976), vol. 6, especially 1-3, 50-61, 74-79.
28. John E. Murray, "Railroaders Tour Soviet Union," Defense Transportation Journal (August 1987): 20-27; Unconventional Wisdom--The Soviet Need for Sea Lines of Communication, Memorandum for the Secretary of the Navy (Washington, DC: Office of the Secretary of the Navy, December 19, 1985).
29. Michael Dobbs, "Siberians Say 'No' to Stalin's Railroad," Washington Post, October 2, 1989, A1, A22
30. Jim Lackey, "Airlift's Achilles' Heel," Armed Forces Journal International (July 1996): 42.
31. FM 5-430-00-2, Air Force Joint Pamphlet 32-8013, Planning and Design of Roads, Airfields, and Heliports in the Theater of Operations, vol. 2, Airfield and Heliport Design (Washington, DC: Dept. of the Army and Dept. of the Air Force, September 1994), 10-9, 11-10 and 11-11, 11-14; FM 5-36: Route Reconnaissance and Classification, 4-7, 4-8, 4-9 and 4-10.
32. FM 5-430-00-2: Airfield and Heliport Design, 11-14; FM 5-33: Terrain Analysis, 2-30.
33. FM 5-30: Route Reconnaissance and Classification, 4-9; FM 5-430-00-2: Airfield and Heliport Design, 11-7, 11-14; FM 5-33: Terrain Analysis, 7-5.
34. FM 5-430-00-2: Airfield and Heliport Design, 10-7 and 10-8.
35. Peter Bogart, "The Soviet Transport Air Force: Aircraft and Capabilities," International Defense Review (June 1979): 945-948; William Schneider, Jr., "Soviet Military Airlift: Key to Rapid Power Projection," Air Force Magazine, March 1980, 81-83.
36. FM 5-430-00-2: Airfield and Heliport Design, 10-10 and 10-11.
37. Virginia Cowles, The Phantom Major (New York: Harper and Brothers, 1958), especially 196-208; Callum McDonald, The Lost Battle: Crete 1941 (New York: Free Press, 1993), 301.
38. UK Eagle, April 27, 1962, 1; Bury Free Press, April 21, 1962, 1; amplified by Robert C. Kingston on December 7, 1996.
39. FM 5-33: Terrain Analysis, 2-19 through 2-26.
40. John D. Chase, "U.S. Merchant Marine--for Commerce and Defense," U.S. Naval Institute Proceedings (May 1976): 133-134; Richard T. Ackley, "The Soviet Merchant Marine," U.S. Naval Institute Proceedings (February 1976): 27-37.
41. Gordon A. Harrison, Cross-Channel Attack, United States Army in World War II: The European Theater of Operations (Washington, DC: Dept. of the Army, Office of the Chief of Military History, 1951), 73-74, 423-426, 441-442; John M. Collins, Military Geography of the Normandy Campaign (Master's thesis, Clark University, Worcester, MA, 1951),120-130.
42. Landing Ship Quay/Causeway and Mobile Offshore Bases, promotional materials (Houston, TX: Brown and Root and associated companies, 1996); Dale Eisman, "By Golly! Pentagon Considering a Floating Airport," Virginian Pilot, October 29, 1996, 1.
43. Hans Mark, "Warfare in Space," in America Plans for Space (Washington, DC: National Defense University Press, 1986), 23; Military Space Operations: Shuttle and Computer Systems do not Meet Performance Objectives (Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, August 1988), 2-5, 27-29.
44. For basic background, see Curtis D. Cochran, Dennis M. Gorman, and Joseph D. Dumoulin, eds., Space Handbook (Maxwell Air Force Base, AL: Air University Press, January 1985).
45. Field-Marshal Viscount Slim, Defeat into Victory (New York: David McKay, 1961), 332-333.
46. Sir Edward S. May, Geography in Relation to War (London: Hugh Rees, 1907), 53; John M. Collins, U.S-Soviet Military Balance, 1960-1980 (Washington, DC: McGraw-Hill, 1980), 244.
47. Alan B. Mountjoy, "Still Waters of Suez," Geographical Magazine, June 1971, 649-54; "Suez Canal--Key to Soviet Strategy in the Mideast," U.S. News and World Report, June 22, 1970, 22-24.
48. Mary Clay Berry, The Alaska Pipeline: The Politics of Oil and Native Land Claims (Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 1975).
49. Helen Chapin Metz, ed., Iraq: A Country Study, 4th ed. (Washington, DC: Federal Research Division, Library of Congress, 1990), 136; "Saddam Turns on Iraq's Oil-Export Pipeline," Washington Post, December 11, 1996), A18.
50. Collins, The Military Geography of the Normandy Campaign, 130-132.