1. Guide to Military Installations in the U.S.: A Reference to the Top 220 Bases, Posts and Stations, Army Times, Navy Times, and Air Force Times, November 4, 1996, with maps on 4-5, 32-33, and 72-73; Defense 97 Almanac (Washington, DC: Dept. of Defense, 1997); both documents updated periodically. William R. Evinger, ed., Director of U.S. Military Bases Worldwide, 2d ed. (Phoenix, AZ: Oryx Press,1995).
2. DOD officials furnished acreage figures from Annual Summary of Operations (The Red Book), vol. 3, Installations Performance, FY 1995 (Washington, DC: Dept. of the Army, Directorate of Public Works, 1996), and United States Air Force Property Totals by State and Country (Washington, DC: Air Force Real Estate Agency, September 30, 1995).
3. Congress, Senate, United States Foreign Policy Objectives and Overseas Military Installations, prepared for the Committee on Foreign Relations by the Foreign Affairs and National Defense Division, 96th Congress, 1st sess., April 1979, 16-21.
5. See, for example, John C. Scharfen, "Cold Weather Training: The Absolute Necessity," Marine Corps Gazette, February 1981, 34-41.
6. NATO Facts and Figures (Brussels, Belgium: NATO Information Service, revised and updated annually). See the 1979 edition.
7. Secretary of Defense Frank C. Carlucci, Annual Report to Congress on the Amended FY 1988/FY 1989 Biennial Budget (Washington, DC: Government Printing Office,February 18, 1988), 242.
8. For U.S. Cold War bases in Britain, Holland, and Belgium, see Congress, Senate, United States . . . Military Installations Overseas, 28-35.
9. The French memorandum of March 11, 1966, and associated correspondence are reproduced verbatim as appendices in Kenneth Hunt, NATO Without France: The Military Implications, Adelphi Paper 32 (London: Institute for Strategic Studies, December 1966). See also 2-6.
10. Ibid., 13-17; Gordon A. Moon II, "Invasion in Reverse," Army (February 1967): 24-30 and "Uncertain Future," Army 17, no. 3 (March 1967): 38-42; David S. Yost, France and Conventional Defense in Central Europe, EAI Paper 7 (Marina del Rey, CA: European American Institute for Security Research, Spring 1984), 53-76.
11. David S. Yost, France and Conventional Defense in Central Europe, 61-63, 69-73, 75-76.
12. For U.S. Cold War bases in Germany, see Congress, Senate, United States . . . Military Installations Overseas, 36-44.
13. For U.S. Cold War bases in the Azores, Spain, Italy, Greece, and Turkey , see ibid., 44-70. Also Congress, House, Greece and Turkey: Some Military Implications Related to NATO and the Middle East, prepared for the Special Subcommittee on Investigations of the Committee on Foreign Affairs by the Congressional Research Service, 94th Congress, 1st sess., February 28, 1975.
14. For U.S. Cold War bases in the Middle East and Indian Ocean, see Congress, Senate, United States . . . Military Installations Overseas, 71-121; Congress, House, Means of Measuring Naval Power With Special Reference to U.S. and Soviet Activities in the Indian Ocean, Subcommittee on the Near East and South Asia of the Committee on Foreign Affairs, 93d Congress, 2d sess., May 12, 1974, 10-14.
15. For U.S. Cold War bases in the Philippines, see Congress, Senate, United States . . . Military Installations Overseas, 134-164; Subic Bay and Cubi Point facilities are described in CINCPAC Fleet Port Directory, prepared by the Fleet Intelligence Center (FICPAC), vol. 5, September 26, 1977, E4-1 through E4-9.
16. Lawrence E. Grinter, The Philippine Bases: Continuing Utility in a Changing Strategic Context (Washington, DC: National Defense University Press, 1980); The Key Role of U.S. Bases in the Philippines (Washington, DC: Heritage Foundation, January 10, 1984).
17. Richard J. Kessler, "Marcos and the Americans," Foreign Policy 63 (Summer 1986): 40-57.
18. For U.S. Cold War bases in Korea, see Congress, Senate, United States . . . Military Installations Overseas, 172, 176.
19. For U.S. Cold War bases in Japan and Okinawa, see ibid., 165-194; Yokosuka and Yokohama facilities are described in CINCPAC Fleet Port Directory, A14-1 through A14-6. See also Navy Drydock Requirements Study, Naval Sea Systems Command, September 1977, 23-24.
20. For U.S. Cold War bases in Latin America, see Congress, Senate, United States . . . Military Installations Overseas,
21. Differing views concerning base closures are contained in Stephen M. Goldfein, "The Base Realignment and Closure Commission: A Successful Strategy to Overcome Political Gridlock," unpublished student essay (Washington, DC: National War College, 1995), and Ronald P. Richardson, "Bureaucratic Politics and the Defense Budget: The Formation of the 1988 Base Realignment and Closure Commission," unpublished student essay (Washington, DC: National War College, 1995).
22. Defense Almanac 96, no. 5 (Washington, DC: Dept. of Defense, 1996).
23. Pete Williams, Pentagon Briefing, July 30,1991 (Washington, DC: News Transcripts, Inc.); Peter Grier, "The Flags Come Home," Air Force (October 1991): 32-35.