NOTES

1. Maurice Matloff and Edwin M. Snell, Strategic Planning for Coalition Warfare, 1941-1942, The United States Army in World War II (Washington, DC: U.S. Army Center of Military History, 1990), 165-166.

2. Ibid., 166-168.

3. Walter S. Poole et al., The History of the Unified Command Plan, 1946-1993 (Washington, DC: Joint History Office, Office of the Chairman, Joint Chiefs of Staff, February 1995).

4. Ibid., 12-13, 127-129.

5. Phillip E. Oates and Lawrence J. Stewart, Unified Command in a Unipolar World, National Security Program Discussion Paper (Cambridge, MA: Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University, June, 1991).

6. Poole et al., The History of the Unified Command Plan, 1-7.

7. Dwight D. Eisenhower, First Annual Report of the Supreme Commander, Allied Powers Europe (Paris: Public Information Division, SHAPE, April 1952), 14.

8. Stephen E. Ambrose with Morris Honick, "Eisenhower: Kindling the Spirit of the West," in Generals in International Politics: NATO's Supreme Allied Commander, Europe (Lexington, KY: University of Kentucky Press, 1987), 18-22.

9. See, for example, Congress, Senate, NATO and the New Soviet Threat, Report of Senator Sam Nunn and Senator Dewey Bartlett to the Committee on Armed Services, 95th Congress, 1st sess., 1977; U.S. Air and Ground Conventional Forces for NATO: Overview (Washington, DC: Congressional Budget Office, January 1978); Richard D. Lawrence and Jeffrey Record, U.S. Force Structure in NATO: An Alternative (Washington, DC: Brookings Institution, 1974).

10. Harold Brown, Department of Defense Annual Report for FY 1979, 237-238.

11. Matloff and Snell, Strategic Planning for Coalition Warfare, 1941-1942, 168-173; Rafael Steinberg, Island Fighting (New York: Time-Life Books, 1978), 20-23.

12. Strategic Planning for Coalition Warfare, 1941-1942, 258-265; Maurice Matloff, Strategic Planning for Coalition Warfare, 1943-1944, 1994, 91, 96-97, 137-138, 185-196, 453-459.

13. Poole, et al., The History of the Unified Command Plan, 20, 26-27.

14. Ibid., 36-37; Report on the War in Vietnam, Admiral U. S. G. Sharp, Commander in Chief Pacific Command, Section I, Report on Air and Naval Campaigns Against North Vietnam and Pacific-Wide Support of the War, June 1964-July 1968; and General William C. Westmoreland, Commander, U.S. Military Assistance Command Vietnam, Section II, Report on Operations in South Vietnam, January 1964-June 1968 (Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1968).

15. William C. Westmoreland, A Soldier Reports (Garden City, New York: Doubleday, 1976), 499-500.

16. Poole et al., The History of the Unified Command Plan, 16, 29-31.

17. Ibid., 32-34.

18. Ibid., 39-41, 64-70, 74-78.

19. See, for example, Alfred Thayer Mahan, "The Strategic Features of the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea," Harper's New Monthly Magazine, October 1887, 680-691; The Caribbean--A Military Perspective, Executive Summary and vol. I, Technical Report No. 83-2 (Washington, DC: Naval Sea Systems Command, December 1983).

20. The History of the Unified Command Plan, 26, 31-32, 70.

21. Ibid., 71-74.

22. Unified Command Plan: Atlantic and Southern Command Participation in 1995 Review (Washington, DC: U.S. General Accounting Office, December 1996).

23. Ibid., 13.

24. Martin Blumenson, Breakout and Pursuit, U.S. Army in World War II, The European Theater of Operations (Washington, DC: Government Printing Office,1961), chapter 29.

25. Persian Gulf Conflict: Final Report to Congress (Washington: Department of Defense, April 1992), 410; Prince Khaled Ibn Sultan, Desert Warrior: A Personal View of the Gulf War by the Joint Forces Commander (New York: Harper Collins, 1995), 391-419.

26. Dwight D. Eisenhower, Crusade in Europe (Garden City, New York: Doubleday, 1948), 410-411; Cornelius Ryan, The Last Battle (St. James Place, London: Collins, 1966), 371-372.

27. Ann and John Tusa, The Berlin Airlift (New York: Athenium, 1988).

28.  William W. Momyer, Air Power in Three Wars, new imprint (Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1985), 89-94; Sharp, Report on the War in Vietnam, Section I, 16-48, 53-54.

29.  Corona Harvest Report, USAF Air Operations in Southeast Asia, 1 July 1972-15 August 1973, vol. 2 (Hickam AFB, Hawaii: Dept. of the Air Force, Pacific Air Force, 1973), IV-34.

30.  Momyer, Air Power in Three Wars, 94-99.

31.  Marshal of the Royal Air Force the Lord Tedder, Air Power in War, the Lees Knowles Lectures (London: St. Paul's House: 1947), 91-92.

32.  Kenneth Katzman, Iraqi Compliance with Cease-Fire Agreements, Issue Brief 92117 (Washington, DC: Congressional Research Service, March 1997), updated regularly; Alfred B. Prados, The Kurds of Iraq: Status, Protection, and Prospects, Report No. 94-423F (Washington, DC: Congressional Research Service, May 12, 1994).

33.  Joint Pub 1-02: Department of Defense Dictionary of Military and Associated Terms (Washington, DC: Office of the Chairman, Joint Chiefs of Staff, March 23, 1994), 146; FM 100-5: Operations (Washington, DC: Dept. of the Army, June 1993), 6-14; Air Force Doctrine Directive 1-1, vol. 2 (Washington DC: Dept. of the Air Force, March 1992), 161-164.

34. Deep Battle (Washington, DC: Dept. of the Army, Roles and Missions Directorate, November 15, 1994).

35.  Merrill A. McPeak, Presentation to the Committee on Roles and Missions of the Armed Forces, revised (Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, September 14, 1994), 15-17, 34-35, 37, 39-40, 50-55; William W. Momyer. "An Organization for Theater Operations: From a Commander's Perspective," in Thomas A. Cardwell, III, Command Structure for Theater Warfare: The Quest for Unity of Command (Maxwell AFB, AL: Air University Press, September 1984), 131-134.

36.  Douglas Berenson, "U.S. Space Command Wants Space Declared Its 'Regional' Area of Operations," Inside the Pentagon, February 20, 1997, 1.