NOTES
1. Don A. Harrison, "Cross-Channel Attack," United States Army in World War II, European Theater of Operations (Washington, DC: Government Printing Office), 73-74, 423-426; Douglas Botting, The Second Front (New York: Time-Life Books,1978), 4; John Keegan, Six Armies in Normandy (New York: Viking Press, 1982), chapter 1.
2. Dwight D. Eisenhower, Crusade in Europe (Garden City, New York: Doubleday, 1948), 228-229.
3. For many pertinent maps and diagrams, see John Man, Facts on File D-Day Atlas (New York: Facts on File, 1994). Refer also to Colin F. Baxter, The Normandy Campaign, 1944: A Selected Bibliography (New York: Greenwood Press, 1992).
4. Richard Collier, The War in the Desert (New York: Time-Life Books, 1977), and Robert Wallace, The Italian Campaign (New York: Time-Life Books, 1978).
5. Richard M. Leighton, "Overlord Versus the Mediterranean at the Cairo-Tehran Conferences," in Command Decisions, ed. Kent Roberts Greenfield (Washington, DC: Government Printing Office,1960), 255-285.
6. Sir Frederick Morgan, Overture to Overlord (Garden City, New York: Doubleday, 1950), 132-133; Report on Operation Overlord, 15 July 1943-26 March 1944, Chief of Staff to the Supreme Allied Commander (COSSAC).
7. Ibid.; Basil H. Liddell Hart, The German Generals Talk (New York: William Morrow, 1948), 228, 238.
8. Morgan, Overture to Overlord, 134, 141,142; Report on Operation Overlord (COSSAC).
10. Descriptions of the lodgment area, unless otherwise cited, were drawn from John Collins, Military Geography of the Normandy Campaign (Master's thesis, Clark University, Worcester, MA, 1951). Sources included many Secret and Top Secret documents declassified after World War II.
11. Jean Gottman, A Geography of Europe, 4th ed. (New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1969), 329-331.
12. St. Lô, American Forces in Action Series (Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, August 21, 1946), 2-4, 6.
13. Normandy West of the Seine, Interservice Information Series, Report on France, CB 4096j (15), vol. 2, part 5 (A), Coasts, Beaches, and Exits, January 1943, 18-22, 30-33; Utah Beach to Cherbourg, American Forces in Action Series (Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, October 1, 1947), 3-4; Omaha Beachhead, American Forces in Action Series (Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, September 20, 1945), 10-16.
14. Meteorological and Oceanographic Conditions for June 1944 in the Neptune Area, Detachment "M," 21st Weather Squadron, Ninth Air Force, May 3, 1944; Weather & Climate As Related to Military Operations in France, Report 644, Weather Division, Army Air Forces, April 1944.
15. First U.S. Army Report of Operations, 20 October 1943-1 August 1944, annex 1, 111-115, annex 2, 204-206.
16. Ibid., annex 1, 101-105; annex 12, 18; Normandy West of the Seine, vol. 2, part 3 (B), Roads, May 1943.
17. For assessments of the lodgment area, see note 10.
18. Morgan, Overture to Overlord, 140.
19. Humphrey Wynn, Prelude to Overlord: An Account of the Air Operations Which Preceded and Supported . . . the Allied Landings in Normandy (Novato, CA: Presidio Press, 1984).
20. Viscount Montgomery of Alamein, Normandy to the Baltic (Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin, 1948), 20-50; Morgan, Prelude to Overlord, vi-vii, 143-150; Eisenhower, Crusade in Europe, 230
21. James F. Tent, E-Boat Alert: Defending the Normandy Invasion Fleet (Annapolis, MD: U.S. Naval Institute Press, 1996).
22. Utah Beach to Cherbourg, 12-13; Omaha Beachhead, 8-9.
23. Eisenhower, Crusade in Europe, 244 and the Overlord Forecast Map between 224-225.
24. Hans Speidel, Invasion 1944: Rommel and the Normandy Campaign, trans. Theo W. Crevenna (Chicago, IL: Regnery, 1950); Samuel W, Mitcham, Rommel's Last Battle: The Desert Fox and the Normandy Campaign (New York: Stein and Day, 1983).
25. Keegan, Six Armies in Normandy, 130.
26. James H. Herzog, Breaching Fortress Europe: The Story of U.S. Engineers in Normandy on D-Day (New York: Kendall/Hunt, 1944); Omaha Beachhead, 20-25; Utah Beach to Cherbourg, 4-8; Botting, The Second Front, 12-20.
27. M. Devlin, Paratrooper (New York: St. Martin's Press, 1979), 387.
28. Utah Beach to Cherbourg, 183-208.
29. St. Lô (7 July-19 July 1944), American Forces in Action Series (Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, August 21, 1946); Eisenhower, Crusade in Europe, 268-269.
30. Devlin, Paratrooper! 280-281. See also S. L. A. Marshall, Night Drop: The American Airborne Invasion of Normandy (Boston, MA: Little, Brown, 1962); Richard N. Gale, With the 6th Airborne Division in Normandy (London: S. Low, Marston, 1948).
31. Walter Bedell Smith, Eisenhower's Six Great Decisions (New York: Longmans, Green, 1956), 50-55; Eisenhower, Crusade in Europe, 249-250; Botting, The Second Front, 60-63.
32. Morgan, Overture to Overlord, 144, 148.
33. Kenneth Edwards, Operation Neptune (London: Collins, 1946), 228-232; 200-201.