NOTES

1. Chapter 19 relies extensively on evidence the author accumulated in 1967-68 as Chief, Campaign Planning Group, U.S. Army Vietnam, which prepared Operation Plan El Paso. Documentation below cites only sources that are accessible to readers.

2. Raphael Littauer and Norman Uphoff, eds., Air War in Indochina, Air War Study Group (Boston, MA: Cornell University, Beacon Press, 1972), 76-90,168-169.

3. Pentagon Papers: As Published by the New York Times (New York: Quadrangle Books,1971), 461, 479, 488, 498, 545, 585-588.

4. Bruce Palmer, Jr., The 25-Year War: American's Military Role in Vietnam (Lexington, KY: University of Kentucky Press, 1984), 106.

5. L. Stevens, The Trail: A History of the Ho Chi Minh Trail . . . (New York: Garland Publishing, Inc., 1993), x-xiii, 31-122; Nguyen Duy Hinh, Lam Son 719 (Washington, DC: U.S. Army Center of Military History, 1979), v, 9-18, 25-31.

6, Richard M. Nixon, U.S. Foreign Policy for the 1970's: A New Strategy for Peace, February 18, 1970, 62-72 and Building for Peace, February 25, 1971, 58-91 (Washington, DC: Government Printing Office); Henry A. Kissinger, The White House Years (Boston, MA: Little, Brown, 1979), 980-989.

7. Palmer, The 25-Year War, 108; Kissinger, The White House Years, 988-989.

8. Nguyen Duy Hinh, Lam Son 719, 47-48.

9. Palmer, The 25-Year War, 109.

10. John J. Tolson, Air Mobility, 1961-1971, Vietnam Studies (Washington, DC: Dept. of the Army, 1973), 234-252.

11. For the conduct and outcome of Lam San 719, see David Fulgham and Terrance Maitland, The Vietnam Experience: South Vietnam on Trial, Mid-1970 to 1972 (Boston, MA: Boston Publishing, 1984), 68-97; Palmer, The 25-Year War, 109-116