NOTES
1. Selected Works of Mao Tse-Tung (London: Lawrence and Wishart, 1954-1956); Ralph L. Powell, "Maoist Military Doctrine," Asian Survey (April 1968): 240-243.
2. Sun Tzu, The Art of War, ed. and trans. Samuel B. Griffith (New York: Oxford University Press,1963), 84.
3. "What on Earth," Washington Post, July 20, 1996, A21.
4. Population Statistics (Tel Aviv, Israel: Central Bureau of Statistics, Israeli Foreign Ministry, September 11, 1996).
5. Willard Waller, ed., War in the Twentieth Century (New York: Random House, 1940), 92-93; A Military History of World War II, T. Dodson Stamps and Vincent J. Esposito, eds., Operations in the European Theaters, vol. 1 (West Point, New York: U.S. Military Academy, 1953), 669.
6. Edward Meade Earle, ed., Makers of Modern Strategy: Military Thought from Machiavelli to Hitler (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1943), 388-400, 408, 506; John Tolland, The Rising Sun: The Decline and Fall of the Japanese Empire (New York: Random House, 1970), 3-53; Gordon Prange, At Dawn We Slept (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1981), 4-5,100-101, 169-170, 449.
7. Charles A. Webster, Population Growth: Major Threat to the Next Generation of Peace, (Washington, DC: Strategic Research Group, National War College, June 11, 1973), 1-7.
8. Eugene Kinkead, In Every War But One (New York: W. W. Norton, 1959), 15-16; official statistics, U.S. Defense Intelligence Agency, furnished telephonically, September 25, 1996.
9. Wayne O. Evans and James E. Hansen, "Troop Performance at High Altitudes," Army (February 1966): 55-58.
10. Melvyn C. Goldstein, A History of Modern Tibet, 1913-1951: The Demise of the Lamaist State (Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1989).
11. Richard F. Cronin and Barbara Ann LePoer, The Kashmir Dispute: Historical Background to the Current Struggle, Report No. 91-563F9 (Washington, DC: Congressional Research Service, July 1991).
12. P. Choudhuri, 9 Gurkha Rifles: A Regimental History, 1817-1947 (New Delhi, India: Vision Books, 1984); Bryon Farwell, The Gurkhas (New York: W. W. Norton, 1984).
13. Disease Threats in the Middle East: Preventive Strategies for the 101st Airborne Division (Air Assault) (Fort Campbell, KY: 101st Airborne Division Preventive Medicine Activity, 1982), 1; L. Dudley Stamp, The Geography of Life and Death (Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press, 1964), especially chapters I-V.
14. Disease and Environmental Alert Reports (Washington, DC: Armed Forces Medical Intelligence Center and Defense Intelligence Agency, March 1992); Kenneth F. Kiple, ed., The Cambridge World History of Human Disease (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1993); Robert Parsons, "Tracking Down Tropical Diseases," Army Digest (June 1970): 42-44; B. Denise Hawkins, "Plan OK'd to Give Troops Anthrax Shots," Army Times, October 21, 1996, 8.
15. Charles Sudetic, "The Society and Its Environment," in Yugoslavia: A Country Study, 3d ed., ed. Glenn E. Curtis (Washington, DC: Federal Research Division, Library of Congress, 1992), 69-88.
16. Ted Robert Gurr, "Ethnic Warfare and the Changing Priorities of Global Security," Mediterranean Quarterly (Winter 1990): 82-98.
17. Gerard Chaliand and Yves Ternon, The Armenians from Genocide to Resistance (Totowa, NJ: Zed, 1984).
18. John J. Stremlau, The Internal Politics of the Nigerian Civil War, 1967-1970 (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1977).
19. Niyan Chanda, Brother Enemy (San Diego, CA: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1986).
20. William A. Stofft and Gary L. Guertner, Ethnic Conflicts: Implications for the Army of the Future (Carlisle Barracks, PA: Army War College, March 14, 1994), 1-10.
21. L. Luca Cavalli-Sforza et al., eds., The History and Geography of Human Genes (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1994), 160-164; Bernard Comrie, "Language," Microsoft Encarta 97 Encyclopedia.
22. Mike Edwards, "The Fractured Caucasus," National Geographic (February 1996): 130-131.
23. Margaret T. Bixler, Winds of Freedom: The Story of the Navaho Code Talkers of World War II (New York: Two Bytes Publishing Co., 1992).
24. Conduct of the Persian Gulf War: Final Report to Congress (Washington, DC: Dept. of Defense, 1992), 20-21; David Evans, "An Impressive--Yet Troubling--Marine on Duty in Somalia," Chicago Tribune, January 8, 1993, 23.
25. John M. Collins, Special Operations Forces: An Assessment (Washington, DC: National Defense University Press, 1994), 85, 88, 89, 129-130.
26. Edward Geoffrey Parrinder, World Religions: From Ancient History to the Present (New York: Facts on File, 1984); Niels Christian Nielsen, Religions of the World (New York: St. Martin's Press, 1983; updated by Alan Wilson Watts, "Religion," Microsoft Encarta 96 Encyclopedia.
27. Henry O. Thompson, World Religions in Peace and War (Jefferson, NC: McFarland and Co., 1988).
28. Terry Jones and Alan Ereira, Crusades (New York: Facts on File, 1995); Amin Maalouf, The Crusades Through Arab Eyes, trans. Jon Rothchild (New York: Schocken Books, 1984).
29. Geoffrey Parker, ed., The Thirty Years' War (New York: Military Heritage Press, 1987).
30. Christopher Hibbert, The Great MutiNew York: India 1857 (London: Allan Lane, 1978).
31. Charles Chenevix Trench, The Road to Khartoum: A Life of General Charles Gordon (New York: W. W. Norton, 1979).
32. James A. Haught, Holy Hatred: Religious Conflicts of the 1990s (Amherst, New York: Prometheus Books, 1995); Robin Wright, Sacred Rage: The Wrath of Militant Islam (New York: Linden Press/Simon and Schuster, 1985); Barton Gellman, "Palestinians, Israeli Police Battle on Sacred Ground," Washington Post, September 28, 1996, 1, A22.
33. Saad Shazly, The Crossing of Suez (San Francisco, CA: American Mideast Research, 1980).
34. Don Oberdorfer, Tet (New York: Da Capo Press, 1984).
35. Hans J. Morgenthau, Politics Among Nations, 4th ed. (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1967), 129-131; A. F. K. Organski, World Politics, 2d ed. (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1968), 184-189.
36. See especially Hague Convention No. IV: International Convention Concerning the Laws and Customs of War on Land, October 18, 1907; Geneva Convention Relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War, August 12, 1949; Geneva Convention Relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War, October 12, 1949.
37. Morgenthau, Politics Among Nations, 122-129.
38. Organski, World Politics, 87-91; Thomas L. Hartshorne, The Distorted Image: Changing Conceptions of the American Character (Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1968), 1-14.
39. Trevor N. Dupuy, A Genius for War: The German Army and General Staff, 1807-1945 (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall,1977).
40. William Manchester, American Caesar: Douglas MacArthur, 1880-1964 (Boston: Little, Brown, 1978), 498-501.
41. Hartshorne, The Distorted Image, 8.
42. Interpretive Country Study: Student Outline 5342 (Fort Bragg, NC: U.S. Army John F. Kennedy Special Warfare Center and School Civil Affairs Dept., May 1987; Cross Cultural Communications: Lesson Outline 3148 (Fort Bragg, NC: U.S. Army John F. Kennedy Special Warfare Center and School, March 1990).
43. Saudi Arabia: A Soldier's Guide (Washington, DC: Dept. of the Army, Public Affairs Office, undated) (September 1990), 12-29.
44. Joint Pub 3-53: Doctrine for Joint Psychological Operations (Washington, DC: Office of the Chairman, Joint Chiefs of Staff, July 31, 1993), 1-1, V-2, V-5; FM 33-1: Psychological Operations (Washington, DC: Dept. of the Army, February 18, 1993). The August 31, 1979, edition of FM 33-1 is more useful in some respects. See especially chapters 5, 9,and 13.
45. FM 41-10: Civil Affairs Operations (Washington, DC: Dept. of the Army, January 11, 1993). The October 20, 1969, edition is more useful in some respects. See especially chapter 2 and appendices E, J.
46. Sidney Shachnow, "Intercultural Communication: The Need for Conceptual Skills," Special Warfare (February 1993): 20-22; Interpersonal Psychological Operations: Lesson Outline and Summary Sheet 3906 (Fort Bragg, NC: U.S. Army John F. Kennedy Special Warfare Center and School, March 1987), LO-2, LO-4, SS-1 through SS-3.
47. Field Circular 21-852: Teaching Through Interpreters (Fort Bragg, NC: U.S. Army John F. Kennedy Special Warfare Center and School, January 1984); Utilization of Interpreters: Lesson Outline 5842 (Fort Bragg, NC: 3d Battalion, Civil Affairs Company, U.S. Army John F. Kennedy Special Warfare Center and School, January 1990)