ABOUT THE
CONTRIBUTING AUTHORS
LIEUTENANT COLONEL MICHAEL BAILEY, U.S. Army, has served as one of the military advisors to the office of Peacekeeping and Humanitarian Operations, U.S. Department of State, since February 1996. Previously, LTC Bailey served as Chief of Election Support/Training on the U.N. Mission in Haiti (UNMIH), from April 1995 until January 1996. Prior, he was the operations planner on the UNMIH Advanced Team, where he authored the rules of engagement and the operations plan. LTC Bailey has also served on the Department of the Army staff as the Peacekeeping Policy Analyst for the Chief of Staff of the Army, and spent over a year in Cambodia as a Military Observer Team Chief and Executive Officer for an Observer Sector. LTC Bailey holds an M.A. in National Strategic Studies from Cal State, San Bernardino.
ANDREW BAIR serves as Senior Advisor to the Special Representative of the President and Secretary of State for Implementation of the Dayton Peace Accords. Previously, he served two tours with the United Nations in the former Yugoslavia as a political officer, first during 1993 in the U.N. protected areas in Croatia and, most recently, in Bosnia during 1995-1996 as the Special Assistant to the U.N. Chief of Mission there. Afterward, Mr. Bair served as the Political Advisor to the Commissioner of the U.N. International Police Task Force. From 1988 to 1994 Mr. Bair was Senior National Security Analyst and Manager of the Center for National Security Negotiations of Science Applications International Corporation. Mr. Bair holds an M.A. from and is currently a doctoral student at The George Washington University, Washington, DC.
NILS GUNNAR BILLINGER is a former State Secretary for both the Ministry of Defense and the Cabinet of the Prime Minister in Sweden. Over the past decade he has held a number of high level positions in the Swedish Government. He is currently head of the official inquiry into civilian police on international assignments and the Euro-coordinator for Sweden’s practical preparations for conversion to a common European currency.
COLONEL HARRY BROER (Netherlands) was stationed in New York from February 1994 till July 1997 as Deputy Police Advisor in the Civilian Police Unit in the U.N. Department of Peacekeeping Operations. Since September 1997, Colonel Broer has served as Special Consultant on police matters in the Criminal Justice and Crime Prevention Division in the U.N. office in Vienna.
THORSTEIN BRATTELAND is a Police Commissioner currently seconded to work on the Civilian Police in Peace Operations Project at the Norwegian Institute of International Affairs. Trained both as a lawyer and at the National Police Academy, he has held various positions within the Norwegian police. Mr. Bratteland also served 2 years in the ONUSAL mission in El Salvador.
CHARLES T. CALL is a National Security Education Fellow currently finishing his doctorate in political science at Stanford University. He has written several articles on policing in Latin America, human rights, and democratization, and in 1996 was a Peace Scholar at the U.S. Institute of Peace. He has been a consultant to the U.S. Departments of Justice and Defense and to international human rights organizations.
ESPEN BARTH EIDE is a researcher at the Norwegian Institute of International Affairs and Director of the Institute’s U.N. Program. He has written on peacekeeping, conflict prevention, and postconflict peace-building in general, with a particular emphasis on Bosnia-Herzegovina and Macedonia.
MICHAEL EMERY worked with the United Nations for several years initially in Liberia, then as Chief of Training for the U.N. Protection Force in the former Yugoslavia. In recent years Mr. Emery has worked closely with the Civilian Police Unit in U.N. Headquarters New York, assisting with the establishment of selection standards and training guidelines for U.N. Civilian Police and working with national trainers in Member States to improve the quality of predeployment training of UNCIVPOL monitors.
COLONEL KARL FARRIS, U.S. Army (Ret.), established the U.S. Army’s Peacekeeping Institute at Carlisle Barracks, Pennsylvania, and served as its first Director from 1993 to 1996. He also served with UNTAC in Cambodia as Chief, Strategic Investigations, assisted in planning and preparing for the U.N. Mission in Haiti and directed Civil-Military Operations during the U.S. humanitarian intervention in Rwanda. Though retired from active duty, Colonel Farris remains engaged in developing procedures for improving component coordination in multidimensional peace operations.
DR. ANTHONY WHITFORD GRAY, JR., has served on the faculty of the Military Strategy and Logistics Department of the Industrial College of the Armed Forces since 1993. Dr. Gray is a retired naval officer with extensive experience in inter-American affairs. From 1983 to 1993 he served as Deputy Director of Inter-American Affairs and subsequently as Director of Humanitarian Assistance and Refugee Affairs in the Office of the Undersecretary of Defense for Policy. He received his doctorate in International Relations from the American University in 1982. His publications include “The Evolution of U.S. Naval Policy in Latin America” (doctoral dissertation, 1982), “Latin American Military Institutions” (Hoover Institute, 1986-contributing author), and The Big L: American Logistics in World War II (National Defense University Press, 1997, contributing author).
LIEUTENANT COLONEL MICHAEL J. KELLY, AM, is an operations law officer in the Australian Army. He has served and worked in Somalia, Bosnia, the Middle East, and Kenya. He has recently published a book, Peace Operations: Tackling the Military, Legal and Policy Challenges, and is completing a Ph.D. in international law on the subject of the interim administration of justice in peace operations.
SPECIAL AGENT ROBERT LOOSLE is an 11-year veteran of the FBI, of which 6 years were spent detailed to the Department of Justice’s International Criminal Investigative Assistance Program (ICITAP). He spent some 2 years as the Program Manager responsible for all development activities in Central America and the Dominican Republic. For 4 years he served as Project Manager for El Salvador ICITAP, where he developed a new police institution following the signing of the Peace Accords. Agent Loosle previously worked as a Special Assistant to the Assistant Secretary of State for International Organization Affairs at the State Department. He is currently assigned as the Supervisory Senior Resident Agent at the Beaumont, Texas, office of the FBI.
COLONEL F. M. LORENZ is currently the Marine Corps Chair and Professor of Political Science at the Industrial College of the Armed Forces, National Defense University. Between December 1992 and May 1993, he was the senior legal advisor for Operation Restore Hope in Somalia. During the first 4 months of 1996 he participated in Operation Joint Endeavor in Sarajevo on the legal staff of Admiral Leighton Smith. He has lectured at a number of international conferences on the subject of operational law and published a series of articles and papers for professional journals around the world.
DR. ROBERT MAGUIRE, a specialist on Haiti, has been involved with that country for over two decades through his work at the Inter-American Foundation, the Foreign Service Institute, and Johns Hopkins, Brown, and Georgetown Universities. He has written extensively on issues of development, security, and state/civil society relations and is principal author of Haiti Held Hostage: International Responses to the Quest for Nationhood, 1986-1996 (Providence, RI: Watson Institute for International Studies and the United Nations University, 1996).
DR. MAXWELL G. MANWARING is a retired U.S. Army Colonel and is currently a political-military affairs consultant based in Carlisle, Pennsylvania. He has served in various positions, including the U.S. Army War College, the U.S. Southern Command’s Small Wars Operations Research Directorate, the Defense Intelligence Agency, and the Southern Command’s Directorate for Plans, Policy, and Politico-Military Affairs. Dr. Manwaring is the author of several articles on political-military affairs and is co-editor of the prize-winning El Salvador at War: An Oral History (Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1989) and Managing Contemporary Conflict: Pillars of Success (Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1997).
J. O’NEIL G. POULIOT, Royal Canadian Mounted Police (Ret.), is a retired Chief Superintendent, with 34 years of diverse law enforcement experience. He has been involved in numerous international criminal investigations, and supervised onsite undercover operations in Europe, the Caribbean, and Asia. During the U.N. Mission in Haiti, Mr. Pouliot welded the highly diverse UNCIVPOL force of 21 countries, 9 languages, and 8 religions into a cohesive and focused organization. Mr. Pouliot is currently a faculty member of the Lester B. Pearson Canadian International Peacekeeping Center in Ottawa, Nova Scotia.
DR. JAMES A. SCHEAR is the Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense (Peacekeeping and Humanitarian Affairs) in the Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense (Strategy and Requirements). Prior to this appointment, Dr. Schear served as a Resident Associate and Abe Fellow at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. He has worked as a consultant on peacekeeping and humanitarian operations with the United Nations on missions in Cambodia and the former Yugoslavia. He has also held research appointments at the International Institute for Strategic Studies (1982-83), Harvard University’s Center for Science and International Affairs (1983-87), and the Brookings Institution (1987-1988).
DR. ERWIN A. SCHMIDL, is historian with the Austrian Ministry of Defence’s Bureau of Military Research in Vienna. He received his Ph.D. from the University of Vienna in 1981 and then worked in the Austrian Army Museum (Research Department). Seconded to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (U.N. Section) in 1991-92, he was an observer with the U.N. Observer Mission in South Africa in 1994 and a Senior Fellow at the U.S. Institute of Peace in 1995-96, where he organized the first conference on police in peace operations. The author of numerous studies on political, military, and colonial history, he is currently working on a major study on the evolution of peace operations, 1897-1997.
LIEUTENANT COLONEL STEVE SPATARO, U.S. Army, was the UNITAF Provost Marshal during Operation Restore Hope. He is a U.S. Army Military Police Officer, with extensive experience in tactical MP and Law Enforcement operations and a veteran of Operations Desert Shield and Desert Storm. He commanded the MP Battalion at the U.S. Disciplinary Barracks and the 24th Division’s Ft. Stewart Law Enforcement Command. Currently he works in the Deputy Chief of Staff, Operations, at Headquarters, Department of the Army.
DR. WILLIAM STANLEY has published a book on civil military relations and state violence in El Salvador (Temple University Press 1996), as well as numerous articles, book chapters, and policy reports on police reform, U.N. peace building, political violence, and refugee issues in Central America. His research has been supported by the U.S. Institute of Peace. Currently, he is Assistant Professor of Political Science at the University of New Mexico.
LYNN THOMAS worked on public security issues in Somalia during UNITAF, while on loan to the United Nations from CARE. As a 1997 Women in International Security fellow, she was assigned to the State Department, where she managed the Africa and Latin America portfolio in the Political-Military Bureau Office of International Security and Peacekeeping. She completed her fellowship at the American Embassy in Sarajevo working on legal system reform. Ms. Thomas has an M.A. in Strategic Studies and International Economics from the Johns Hopkins University School of Advanced International Studies. She is currently with the consulting firm of Cohen and Woods International.
JAMES L. WOODS is Vice President of Cohen and Woods International, Inc., a consulting firm specializing in African Affairs. Mr. Woods served in the Office of the Secretary of Defense for 34 years, the latter half of them concentrating exclusively on Africa. Mr. Woods was involved in all crises and programs in sub-Saharan Africa from 1979 onward, retiring in 1994 as Deputy Assistant Secretary for African Affairs. He has been actively involved in lecturing and writing on Africa as well as on conflict resolution and peacekeeping issues. A Senior Associate at the Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS) African Studies Program, Mr. Woods holds B.A. and M.A. degrees from Ohio State and is currently engaged in graduate study in international relations at Cornell University.