1 Time, October 18, 1993, cover.
2 U.S. News & World Report, October 10, 1994, 26.
3 Transcript: Joint Press Conference, Stabilization Force, Land Forces Central Europe (SFOR LANDCENT), August 28, 1997, http://www.nato.int/ifor/landcent/ 9708280.htm; and “U.S. Troops in Bosnia Leave Bridge: Peacekeepers Abandon Site of Mob Violence,” The Baltimore Sun, September 5, 1997, 17A.
4 “Major Armed Conflict” chapters, Stockholm International Peace Research Institute Yearbooks (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1992-1997), and Status of Armed Conflicts: 1994-1997 (London: International Institute for Strategic Studies, August 1, 1997), map.
5 The absence of any supranational authority is the trait that theoretically distinguishes the international system of states from politics within states. Thus, international politics is said to be “anarchic” because of this lack of an authoritative source of order. The state, in contrast, is sovereign within its territory. When the apparatus of the state collapses, however, or dissolves into several armed factions, each claiming the right to sovereignty, then anarchy prevails within that state as well. The first irony of the post-Cold War period is that anarchy within the state has become a more frequent source of disruption for the international system than armed conflict between states. The second is that the anarchic global community must undertake the task of creating order for the sovereign state. It is for this latter reason that international unity of effort during a peace operation is so necessary yet so difficult to attain.
6 This definition is consistent with that used by Schmidl in his discussion of the origin of UNCIVPOL and with the Norwegian and Swedish chapters (although the Swedish report suggests using “police monitors” and “police mentors” for greater clarity). Some of our case study authors, however, have occasionally used CIVPOL as a synonym for all international policing assistance, bilateral or multilateral, during a peace mission. We prefer the term “international policing” as an all-embracing concept, reserving “CIVPOL” for uniformed civilian police operating under a U.N. mandate.
7 Both the United Nations and the U.S. Army are apt to have entities involved in a given peace mission that are referred to as “civil affairs.”
8 Professor David Bayley made this point most persuasively in a discussion devoted to the search for themes and recommendations for this work during a National Defense University conference September 15-16, 1997.