The 78-day air campaign known as ALLIED FORCE broke many precedents in terms of military strategy, tactics, and implementation. This symposium intends to examine the political objectives, process, policies, planning, and execution of the air campaign and assess its implications for the future. Complex coalition warfare has vastly complicated the campaign planning process for both the military and civilian sides. At the same time, the events of Kosovo (ethnic cleansing and massive refugee migration) seem to support a trend of similar crises in recent years, not likely to abate anytime soon. Strengths and vulnerabilities of the allied operation and those of the adversaries thereof need to be examined and analyzed in terms of applicability to future conflicts.  Report on the proceedings of the 21th Annual National Defense University 1999 Topical Symposium

Panel Highlights

Purpose: To examine the implications of Kosovo on existing and future security structures and defense strategies.

• To understand how the Kosovo experience will impact the future of NATO.
• To analyze the defense planning process at the coalition level and at the U.S. national level, and suggest planning and strategy improvements for future small-scale contingencies.
• To objectively analyze the relationships between goals, force structure, and constraints in strategy development.
• To understand the role of mandates and intervention options in conflict resolution.
• To identify issues and suggest alternatives for future United States and Coalition defense planning and strategy development efforts.

Methodology: Using the Kosovo experience as the scenario for discussion, extrapolate from a discussion that focuses on European structures and strategies to a more general level that focuses on implications for the United States and future coalition defense planning and strategy development efforts for small-scale contingencies.

AGENDA

0830-0915 KEYNOTE: "After Kosovo" – Ambassador Robert B. Oakley; Acting Director, Institute for National Strategic Studies, National Defense University

0945-1145 PANEL ONE: Kosovo Strategy: Development and Adoption

• Shifting Strategy Over Time: Is it Realistic? – Ambassador Peter W. Galbraith, JD; Faculty National War College, National Defense University
• Constraints on Coalition Consensus-Building – Mr. Kenneth A. Huffman; Director, Defense Operations Division, U.S. Mission to NATO, Brussels
• Drifting Apart? Europe's Drive for Autonomy – Mr. Peter W. Rodman; Director of National Security Programs, The Nixon Center

1200-1330 LUNCH SPEAKER: "The United States and Europe" - Ambassador Robert E. Hunter, Senior Advisor, RAND

• A Strategy for Getting Involved: Can We Adopt One? – Dr. Charles A. Stevenson, Member, Policy Planning Staff, U.S. Department of State
• Force Planning: What is the Appropriate Commitment? – Dr. Eliot A. Cohen; Director and Professor of Strategic Studies, School of Advanced International Studies, Johns Hopkins University
• After Kosovo: Insights into Future Operations - Correlation of Forces;  – Dr. Stuart E. Johnson, Senior Scientist, RAND

• Balancing Military, Political and Economic Objectives - Professor George H. Quester, Faculty, National War College, National Defense University
• Strategic and Tactical Considerations - Lieutenant Colonel Charles Shotwell; U.S. Air Force, Senior Military Fellow, Institute for National Strategic Studies, National Defense University
• Managing Conflict and the Post-Conflict Environment – Lieutenant Colonel Rod von Lipsey; USMC; Director for Southeastern Europe, National Security Council

2000-2045 DINNER KEYNOTE – "De-Balkanizing the Balkans: Security and Stability in Southeastern Europe" Dr. Andrew J. Pierre, Jennings Randolph Senior Fellow, United States Institute of Peace

0815-0930 MORNING KEYNOTE: "Fallout from the Air and Missile Offensive Against Yugoslavia" - Colonel Alain Pellerin, (Ret), Executive Director, Conference of Defense Associations, Ottawa, Canada

1000-1200  PANEL FOUR: Implications for U.S. Forces – Chaired by: Ms. Michele Flournoy; Distinguished Senior Fellow, Institute for National Strategic Studies, National Defense University

• Capabilities: What Do We Need and Can We Afford Them? – Mr. David A. Ochmanek; Senior Defense Analyst; RAND
• Force Mix: Is It Right? Can We Accomplish The Mission? – Dr. Michael E. O’Hanlon; Senior Fellow, Brookings Institution
• The Impact of Kosovo and Other Smaller-Scale Contingencies on the Future Joint Force- Colonel Andrew B. Twomey, US Army, Chief, Strategic Concepts Branch, J-5 Strategy Division, The Joint Staff

1215-1345 LUNCH:  "A Russian Perspective" - Major General Andrey G. Marshankin; Defense Attaché, Embassy of Russia

1400-1600   PANEL FIVE: Implications for Coalition Operations

• NATO Political and Military Planning and Decision Making: Is it Time for a Change? – Dr. Kori Schake, Senior Fellow, Institute for National Strategic Studies, National Defense University
• Coalition Operations with Divergent U.S. and European Capabilities? - Mr. Peter Gooderham; Counselor, British Embassy, Washington
• Prospects for the Defense Capabilities Initiative – Dr. Richard L. Kugler; Distinguished Research Professor, Institute for National Strategic Studies; National Defense University

1600-1630 SUMMARY AND WRAP-UP

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