2001 EUROPEAN SYMPOSIUM

 

“Transatlantic Security Relationships:

The Next Four Years”

May 22-23, 2001

 

AGENDA

The twenty-second annual National Defense University European Symposium was held May 22 through May 23, 2001.  This year's symposium, titled “Transatlantic Security Relationships:  The Next Four Years, explored various actions, attitudes, and perceptions that will influence future Transatlantic relations.  During the symposium, we reviewed the US role in the Transatlantic link as well as options for other possible European security relationships.  We discussed in detail the major issues on the Transatlantic agenda and to assess how each might influence the overall European relationship.  Specifically, we assessed the state of the Transatlantic debate on development of National Missile Defense, and the impact of various U.S. policy options on NATO and European-U.S. relations.  We also tried to understand the concept and plan of action for European Security and Defense Policy in order to assess what the future might look like from a Transatlantic perspective.  We reviewed the security situation in the Balkans, and assessed the perspective of the major actors on future policy options.  And finally, we discussed the timing and implications of future enlargement of NATO and the European Union, and assessed the impact of various policy options on future Transatlantic security relationships.

Report on the proceedings of the 21st Annual National Defense University European Symposium

Tuesday, May 22, 2001

 

1700-1900              Registration and Reception – Marshall Hall (Building 62)

 

Wednesday, May 23, 2001

 

 

0700-0800       Registration

 

0800-0815       Welcome – Vice Admiral Paul G. Gaffney II, U.S. Navy; President, National Defense University

 

0815-0945       PANEL ONE:  The Impact of National Missile Defense (NMD) and Other Arms Control Issues on Transatlantic Ties

 

A U.S. Perspective

 

·        Can Washington enlist European support/acquiescence to U.S. development and deployment of NMD?

·        How does size/scope of system and whether this is done in contest of ABM Treaty or some other informal understandings with Russia and China effect impact on the Alliance?

·        What extent of European participation in various options for TMD or NMD? Could other developments in Iran/Iraq affect this calculus?

 

Presenter:  Dr. Robert Soofer; Special Assistant to the Under Secretary of Defense for Policy

 

A European Perspective

 

·        Are European views shifting from opposition to some kind of accommodations?

·        Is European advocate preservation and expansion of arms control regimes such as the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty and the Chemical and Biological Weapons Convention essential or will the Europeans accept informal regimes as a substitute?

·        Discuss the Anti-ballistic Missile Treaty is a “cornerstone” of strategic stability and European security, and suggest what the impact of cancellations might be on European attitudes.

·        Discuss the implications of outright European opposition to US National Missile Defense.

 

Presenter:  Dr. Joachim Krause; Deputy Director, Research Institute of the German Council on Foreign Relations, Berlin Presentation

 

A Russian Perspective

 

·        Discuss Russian Responses to an ABM Treaty termination.

·        Elaborate on possible Russian interests in other informal assurances.

·        Describe Russian approaches to a European missile defense.

 

Presenter:  Dr. Sergey M. Rogov; Director of the Institute of USA and Canada, Moscow Presentation

 

Moderator and Discussant:  Ms. Elaine Bunn; Distinguished Research Professor, Institute for National Strategic Studies, National Defense University

 

0945-1015       Break

 

1015-1145       PANEL TWO:  European Security and Defense Policy

 

Two European Perspectives

 

·        Should the U.S. be concerned about the ESDP Post Nice Summit?

·        What changed on the command arrangements?

·        What roles were created beyond regional peacekeeping for ESDP?

·        In the long run, what role is expected for NATO as the ESDP develops?

·        How can EU decision making be more transparent and avoid a EU bloc in NATO?

 

Presenter: A Perspective of the EU Presidency: Jan Knutsson; Minister for Political Affairs, Embassy of Sweden, Washington D.C.

 

Presenter: A Perspective of the European Commission: Mr. Fraser Cameron; Political Counselor, Delegation of the European Commission to the United States, Washington, DC

 

A U.S. Perspective

 

·        NATO should remain locus of defense planning.  Concern over outcomes at Nice.  The 3 D’s Approach.

·        What Kind of capabilities should ESDP develop and how can DCI and ESDP Helsinki Headline Goals be meshed?

·        How can EU decision making be more transparent and avoid a EU Block in NATO?  Discuss the importance of keeping NATO consultations vital to US interest.

·        Explain US position of why non-EU states should have the right to participate in EU defense decisions.

 

Presenter:   Dr. Karen E. Donfried; Specialist in European Affairs, Foreign Affairs, Defense and Trade Division, Congressional Research Service, Washington D.C.

 

Alternate Solutions

 

·        Give European allies more visibility bilaterally and through NATO.

·        Make the EU responsible for maintaining links to NATO.

·        Coordinate bilaterally and multilaterally with non-EU, NATO, and PFP members.

·        Advocate new EU force structures available to NATO that give incentives for improvements in areas of key capability.

·        Support Constructive Duplication.

·        Set a positive agenda in NATO of issues central to U.S. Security.

·        Ensure NATO’s primacy by making it the place the EU must come for US discussion of crises and decisions on assistance to EU operations.

 

Presenter:  Dr. Antonio Missiroli; Research Fellow Western European Union Security Studies Institute Presentation

 

Moderator and Discussant:  Dr. Kori N. Schake; Senior Fellow, Institute for National Strategic Studies, National Defense University

 

1200-1330       Lunch - Fort McNair Officer's Club

 

Keynote Presentation " Possibilities For Transatlantic Relationships - A Congressional Perspective "

 

Honorable Curtis Weldon; (R-Pennsylvania) Chairman, Military Readiness Committee, House Armed Services Committee, U.S. Congress, Washington D.C.

 

INTRODUCED BY:  Vice Admiral Paul G. Gaffney II, U.S. Navy; President, National Defense

University

 

1345-1515       PANEL THREE:  "The Balkans and Future Transatlantic Responses - What Kind of Durable Peace?"

 

Panelists

 

·        Dame Pauline Neville-Jones; Governor of the BBC, London Presentation

·        Ambassador James F. Dobbins; Assistant Secretary for European Affairs, U.S. Department of State, Washington, DC

·        Dr. Daniel Serwer; Director of the Balkans Initiative, United States Institute of Peace, Washington, DC Presentation

 

Each panelist will give a short presentation that reflects their response to selected statements and questions from the following list.  A discussion will follow.

 

·        Future European Security thinking will be dominated by the Balkans experience.  What impact has the Balkan experience had on Transatlantic ties?

·        Is United States participation a choice or a necessity?   Discuss the impact and scope of future U.S. involvement/effort in the Balkans.

·        Can a common allied implementation strategy-can it be achieved?  Can Europe Deliver required military capabilities?

·        Is EU, OSCE, or NATO paramilitary force the long-term solution to keeping the peace in the Balkans?  Why?  Why Not?

·        Is new burdensharing possible?  Can Europe manage regional peace implementation without the United States?

·        What objectives does the EU have in the Balkans (as they refer to CFSP and ESDP)?

·        How are these objectives similar and different from NATO and US objectives?

·        If NATO should withdraw from the Balkans, would the EU deal with the Balkans as they do now, or would they be different?

·        What new concepts of burdensharing are required to keep the peace?  How much of what kind of military presence is enough?

·        Is there European consensus on how to implement peach in Kosovo?  If so, what is it?  If not, why not and what should it be?

·        Propose a long-term strategy to create tolerant democratic societies in the Balkans.

·        What civil and economic mandates should be proposed for Bosnia and Kosovo?

 

Moderator:  Dr. James A. Schear; Director of Research and Senior Fellow, Institute for National Strategic Studies, National Defense University

 

1515-1545       Break

 

1545-1715       PANEL FOUR:  NATO and European Union Enlargement

 

Panelist

 

·        His Excellency Przemyslaw Grudzinski; Ambassador, Embassy of the Republic of Poland, Washington, DC

·        Mr. Walter E. Andrusyszyn; Director, Office of European Security and Political Affairs, U.S. Department of State, Washington, DC

·        Dr. Rudolf Schumacher; Deputy Political Director, German Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Berlin

Presentation

 

Each panelist will give a short presentation that reflects their response to selected statements and questions from the following list.  A discussion will follow.

 

·        Will NATO enlargement strengthen or weaken the transatlantic link (through EU-NATO cooperation or competition)?  Discuss.

·        Predict the future of NATO and its Political and military role in fostering European security, and fostering US national interest in the region.

·        Is expansion of NATO in the best interest of the US?  Europe?  Why? Why Not?

·        Will NATO itself be strengthened or weakened by enlargement in terms of her military capacity and/or political stabilizing role?  Discuss.

·        Will enlargement impact the future of PFP and the MAP? Explain.

·        Assuming enlargement, what criteria should be adhered to for furture enlargement of both NATO and the EU?

·        Who are the candidates and why or why not should they be considered?  Should NATO enlargement proceed ahead of EU enlargement?

 

Moderator and Discussant:  Dr. Jeffrey Simon; Senior Fellow, Institute for National Strategic Studies, National Defense University

 

1715-1745       PANEL FIVE:  Summing up a Summary Panel that reflects on what has been said about the transatlantic relationship and sort out where we might be heading in the next four years.

 

Moderator:  Dr. Stephen J. Flanagan; Director, Institute for National Strategic Studies, National Defense University

 

Dr. James A. Schear; Director of Research and Senior Fellow, Institute for National Strategic Studies, National Defense University

 

Dr. Richard L. Kugler; Distinguished Research Professor, Institute for National Strategic Studies, National Defense University

 

Ms. Elaine Bunn; Distinguished Research Professor, Institute for National Strategic Studies, National Defense University

 

Dr. Kori N. Schake; Senior Fellow, Institute for National Strategic Studies, National Defense University

 

Dr. Jeffrey Simon; Senior Fellow, Institute for National Strategic Studies, National Defense University

 

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