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A Ranger assigned to the 2nd Ranger Battalion conducts a platoon live-fire exercise at Joint Base Lewis-McChord, Washington, June 6–10, 2025. The exercise integrated unmanned aerial systems, snipers, mortars and heavy weapons systems to enhance battlefield awareness and
lethality. (U.S. Army photo by Spc. Samuel Dreher)

Mission Over Bureaucracy: Special Operations Command Warrior-Driven Model for Defense Innovation

Τhe character of war is undergoing a seismic transformation driven by emerging technologies like artificial intelligence (AI), autonomy, and quantum-enabled capabilities. Meanwhile, the United States Department of War (DOW) faces a well-documented crisis of speed and innovation in its acquisition system. Decades of peacetime optimization and bureaucratic layering have yielded a process that is “too slow to be competitive and is only incrementally innovative.”


U.S. Army Command Sgt. Maj. John W. Troxell, Senior Enlisted Advisor to the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, addresses General and Flag Officers at the National Defense University’s CAPSTONE Course on Fort Lesley J. McNair, Washington, DC, July 12, 2016. The course objective is to make these individuals more effective in planning and employing U.S. forces in joint and combined operations. (DoD Photo by Army Sgt. James K. McCann / Released)

Boot Camp for the Mind: The Role of JPME in Developing National Security Strategists

Warfighting communities provide officers with the necessary skills to operate weapon systems and cultivate their experience to lead in combat, but once junior officers are promoted to higher ranks, they often lack the abilities required of senior national security professionals. Joint professional military education (JPME) plays a deliberate and pivotal role in an officer’s operational and strategic growth.


U.S. Marine Corps Sgt. Idris Idris, center, a small unmanned aircraft systems specialist with U.S. Marines with 1st Battalion, 2nd Marine Regiment, 2nd Marine Division, demonstrates the C100 drone capabilities to a Spanish marine during a company live-fire range as a part of Fleet Exercise 250 (FLEETEX) on Marine Corps Base Camp Lejeune, North Carolina, June 19, 2026. FLEETEX 250 represents the United States’ commitment to layer defense of the homeland through forward-deployed forces and reinforces interoperability with allies and partners through collective maritime security. (U.S. Marine Corps photo by Cpl. Channah Chilton)

Building the Mental Golden Dome: Arming the Joint Force for Defensive Cognitive Warfare

Τhe decisive ground of tomorrow’s wars will not be a hilltop, a seaport, or outer space; it will be within the human mind. Victory will belong to forces that can rapidly discern truth from deception. Adversaries across the world weaponize information to fracture alliances and erode unit cohesion.


At the U.S. Air Force and U.S. Space Force’s Officer Training School, civilians and prior enlisted Servicemembers with college degrees undergo a rigorous 60-day training program, culminating in their commissioning as officers. (U.S. Air Force/Damien Thomas)

From Data to Victory: The Race for Analytic Superiority in Warfare

Αrtificial intelligence (AI) technologies have reached a tipping point after decades of development.


Cover of Joint Force Quarter 120 (1st Quarter 2026).

Joint Force Quarterly 120 (3rd Quarter 2026)

Secretary Hegseth has rightly tasked the nation’s military to refocus on its core and most essential function—fighting and winning our nation’s wars.


NIC Official Seal

National Intelligence College Joins National Defense University

Effective July 1, 2026, the National Intelligence College (NIC) officially joins the National Defense University (NDU) as the university's sixth college.


Cover of JFQ 119. U.S. Navy SEAL secures deck of ship and conducts board, search, and seizure training with British Royal Marine Commandos and Ukrainian special forces in Odesa, Ukraine, June 21, 2021 (U.S. Army/Patrik Orcutt)

Joint Force Quarterly 119

At 32 years and now 119 issues, Joint Force Quarterly has had over 40 people involved in making the magic happen. As great as JFQ has become, two significant events will undoubtably change how this journal is produced and delivered. Primarily because of changes in the media environment at large and the budgetary pressures across government, National Defense University (NDU) Press will be significantly reducing the available print copies of JFQ beginning with the next edition, JFQ 120, due after the New Year. And after 25 years of brilliant service, longtime Executive Editor Dr. Jeffrey Smotherman has retired.


Soldier fights in tandem with various robotics in Human-Machine Integrated Formations during Project Convergence Capstone 5 experiment, March 15, 2025, at Fort Irwin, California.

Cognitive Warfare and Organizational Design: Leveraging AI to Reshape Military Decisionmaking

The military and economic dominance of the United States in the post-Soviet era compelled adversaries to shift their strategies away from largescale conventional warfare. Instead, they have increasingly focused on contesting American decisionmaking through cognitive warfare, leveraging psychological, informational, and technological domains to erode strategic advantage. Unlike traditional warfare, cognitive warfare shapes how individuals and organizations perceive reality, evaluate choices, and act on information.